السبت, 07 تموز/يوليو 2018 19:49

البجا واليات حفظ السلام


وفق قوانين العرف والادارة الاهلية  ‎‎

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باحث فى تراث وتاريخ البجا

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

المقدمة: 
   اى مجتمع من المجتمعات الانسانية فى حاجه ماسة وضرورية لاليات لحفظ السلام والضبط الاجتماعى وذلك لتقليل الصراعات ودواعى الفتنن والحروب والا فان هذا المجتمع سوف يتحلل ويضعف ويفنى بالحروب ولن يستطيع ان يتمكن من الحياة والعيش فى سلام ووئام وامان وكذلك لن يتمكن هذا المجتمع الذى لاتتوفر له هذه الاليات من توفير البئية والاجواء المناسبة لكسب العيش والازدهار الاقتصادى والثقافى وبدون ذلك لن تتوفر له حضارة او تعزيز للثقافة . ولذلك فان الاليات حفظ السلام والضبط الاجتماعى تصبح ضرورة حياتية لا مفر منها وهذه الظاهرة ظاهرة انتاج المجتمع لهذه الاليات نجدها بين كل الشعوب فى العالم بلا استثناء قديمها وحديثها وان كانت هذه الاليات باشكال مختلفة وبدرجات متفاوته من الفاعلية والنجاح او الفشل والعجز وكذلك الامر بالنسبة لشعب البجا وقبائله بشرق السودان عبر تاريخهم القديم والحديث. 
   1- تعريف: 
   من هم البجا: 
   شعب البجا يعتبر من اقدم الشعوب السودانية التى عاشت منذ اقدم العصور فى المنطقة الواقعة جنوب مصر وشرق النيل حتى سواحل البحر الاحمر ومن منطقة اسوان بجنوب مصر وحتى مصوع بالاراضى الاريترية وينتشرون حالياً بولاية كسلا والبحر الاحمر وغرب وشمال ارتريا وباعداد اقل فى ولاية نهر النيل وولاية القضارف وبالصحراء الشرقية بجمهورية مصر العربية.
   منذ القدم عرف البجا باسماء مختلفة عبر العصور ولكن حالياً ينقسمون لمجموعات قبلية هى: 
- الهدندوة 
- الأمرار 
- البشاريون 
- الحلنقة 
- الارتيقا 
- البنى عامر 
- الحباب 
- الاشراف 
- الكميلاب 
- الشعياياب 
- الحسناب 
   وتتحدث معظم قبائل البجا لغة التبداوى ويتحدث اغلب البنى عامر والحباب لغة التقرى وهما لغتان مختلفتان فالاولى حامية والاخرى سامية. 
   3- اريخ البجا باختصار: 
   تاريخ البجا تاريخ موغل فى القدم فقد عاصروا دول الفراعنة والبطالسة والرومان والاكسومين والعرب والاتراك والبريطانين والدويلات المسيحية ببلاد النوبة بشمال واواسط السودان وكانت لهم مواقع وحروب واحداث مع كل هذه الدول وهم وبحكم مجاورتهم لساحل البحر الاحمر واتصالهم بالعالم الخارجى ولوجود الذهب بارض المعدن ببلادهم كانوا دائماً عرضة للاطماع والتدخلات الخارجية من القوى الاجنبية بجانب ماتعرضوا له من حروب دينية فرضت عليهم من المسيحين والمسلمين على حد سواء وقد دافع البجا عن الهتهم ومعتقداتهم الوثنية التاريخية . 
   4- عادات وتقاليد البجا:    
   للاسباب الى ذكرناه تعرضة منطقة البجا للتدخلات والاطماع والغزوات الخارجية ولعدم وجود الدولة المركزية القوية التى تفرض النظام والقانون لفترات طويلة من تاريخ البجا فان ظروف قد اقتضت ان يكون شعب البجا مقاتل بالضرورة فلذلك فهم يهتمون بالسلاح وادوات الحرب ويكونون دائماً على استعداد لمقاتلة العدو الخارجى واحياناً مقاتلة بعضهم فى شكل قبائل متنافسة على الزعامة او على المراعى والاراضى ولذلك فهم يعلون ويعظمون من قيمة الشجاعة والفروسية والبسالة والدفاع عن القبيلة ولديهم اعراف وتقاليد متعلقة بمسالة الحروب والقتال لايسمحون لاحد منهم ان يتجاوزها والا لحق به العار للابد وفى ثقافتهم ايضاً وفى اشعارهم ومقطوعاتهم الموسيقة واغانيهم يمجدون صفات القتال ويزمون الجبن والغدر والتخاذل عندما تحين ساعة المعركة . 
   البجا يعزفون على الربابة التى سمونها الباسنكو ومقطوعات من الموسيقى البحته المتوارثة والتى لها اسماء محددة وهذه المقطوعات تعزف للتعبئة للقتال والحرب ، البجا ايضا لايحترمون الرجل الاعزل من السلاح لذلك تجد تقاليدهم الراسخة حمل السلاح دائماً . 
   5/ دواعى القتال والحرب عند البجا عبر التاريخ:-    
1) محاربة الغازى الطامع فى الارض والثروات. 
2) غزو البجا لبدو للمناطق الحضرية بجنوب مصر وبلاد النوبة وذلك للسلب والنهب عندما تضيق بهم سبل الحياة بمناطقهم المعرضة للمجاعات من حين لاخر. 
3) التصدى للغزوات ذات الطابع الدينى وذلك دفاعاً عن الهتهم الوثنية التاريخية وهذا ما حدث عند حروبهم للاكسوميين والنوبة والرومان والعرب. 
4) الحرب دفاعاً عن الاوطان والاراضى والمراعى من توغل القبائل البجاوية المجاورة لها لأن لكل قبيلة بجاوية اراضى معروفة لايسمح لاحد ان يدعى ملكيتها او يقوم بالاستفادة منها دون موافقة القبيلة المعنية ، وهذه هى طبيعة الحروب الاهلية الداخلية لدى البجا. 
5) الحرب والقتال بسبب السرقات التى يقوم بها قطاع الطرق والهمباته خصوصاً سرقة المواشى وعلى راسها الابل التى تعتبر الثروة الكبرى عند البجا. 
6) الحرب والقتال بسبب النساء دفاعاً عن العرض واحياناً انتقاماً وثاراً لاشخاص قتلوا من القبيلة لسبب او اخر. 
7) الحرب والقتال بسبب التعدى على المزروعات من قبل اشخاص او من قبل المواشى وتخريب هذه المزروعات. 
8) موخراً حرب ذات دوافع سياسية ضد الدولة المركزية وهذه الحروب الاخيرة هة الاولى من نوعها فى تاريخ البجا من حيث دوافعها واساليبها ووسائلها وهى تتميز بتعقيدات كبيرة من حيث مفهومات الثقافة البجاوية رغم ذلك فان هذه الحروب لم تبتعد كثيراً عن قواعد الحرب وقوانينها المنعارفة عند البجا وهذه القواعد تمنع وتحرم حرق البيوت والممتلكات او قتل النساء والشيوخ والمرضى والضعفاء ومقاتلة الاعزل من السلاح واساءة معاملة الاسرى ودفع المواطنين العذل المسالمين لمغادرة اراضيهم واغتصاب نسائهم او مصادرة مواشيهم وهكذا فلا يمكن باى من الاحوال مقارنة حرب شرق السودان ضد الحكومة المركزية بحرب الجنوب او دار فور ففى الشرق كما ذكرنا فان الحرب محكومة بقواعد واعراف راسخة وهذا ما لفت نظر المراقبين المحليين والخارجيين وكان مثار اعجابهم واستغرابهم وبالفعل لقد اتصل بى عدد منهم خصوصاً الخواجات ويطلبون تفسيراً لهذه الظاهرة وهم معذرون لعد المامهم بعناصر الثقافة البجاوية. 
   6/ اليات حفظ السلام والضبط الاجتماعى:    
   رغم ان البجا لم يعرفوا الدولة المركزية القوية لفترات طويلة من تاريخهم وعانوا من غياب النظام والامن مما جعل هاجس الامن حاضراً فى فكرتهم ومشاعرهم ولذلك انشأوا إدارات اهلية منذ القدم يكون راسها زعيم قوى يصل الى السلطة عن طريق الوراثة وليس الانتخاب ويعاونه مشايخ وحكماء من اعيان القبيلة ويصدورن احكامهم وفق القوانين العرفية المتوارثة لديهم والادرات الاهلية كالاتى:- 
Ø ناظر الهدندوة. 
Ø ناظر الأمرأر. 
Ø ناظر البشاريين. 
Ø ناظر الحلنقة. 
Ø ناظر البنى عامر. 
Ø ناظر الحباب. 
Ø عمدة الارتيقة. 
Ø عمدة الكميلاب. 
Ø عمدة الاشراف. 
Ø عمدة الشعياياب. 
Ø عمدة الحسناب . 
   لكل من النظار المذكورين اعلاه شيوخ خطوط اى شيوخ ينوبون عن الناظر فى مناطق محدودة وقد يكون للناظر وكيل او وكلا لبعض المناطق . وبجانب هولاء هناك العمد والمشايخ لبطون القبيلة المختلفة . هناك ايضاً بجانب الناظر ووكلائه وشيوخ الخطوط والعمد والمشايخ اللذين يشرفون على الشئون الادارية والعلاقات مع الدولة والاجهزة التنفيذية ، هناك قضاة يحكمون بالقوانين والاعراف البجاوية . فى العقود الاخيرة اصبح بعض البجا يلجأون الى المحاكم المدنية والجنائية والشرعية وخصوصاً بالمدن وذلك نتيجة لهجرتهم الواسعة للمدن وارتباطهم بها وقد دفعهم لهذه الهجرة الاوضاع المأساوية المتدهورة بالارياف نتيجة للجفاف والتصحر وعدم التنمية والرعاية من قبل تلدولة . الجدير بالزكر ان النظام الادارى والقضائى عند البجا كله وراثى ولا يخضع للانتخاب. 
   7/ ملامح القانون العرفى عند البجا: 
   هذا القانون متوارث عبر الاجيال ويخضع للسوالف بمعنى ان حدثت قضية متشابهة حالياً لقضية سابقة صدر فيها حكم معين فان ذلك الحكم ينطق على القضية الجديدة. رغم ان القانون العرفى غير مدون لان لغة البجا لم تكتب حتى الان الا ان البجا اقوياء الذاكرة ويحفظون عن ظهر قلب الكثير من بنود هذا القانون فالمحاكمات دائماً علنية وتكون فى شكل مجلس مفتوح يحضره رجال الادارة الاهلية وقضاة المحاكم الاهلية وعامة الناس بجانب المتقاضين وكل من حضر من حقه ان يدلى برأيه ويشارك فى المداولات. دائماً تنتهى هذه المحاكمات التسويات التى ترضى كل الاطراف. ظاهرة المجلس لحسم القضايا والمنازعات شئ مقدس ومحترم لايسمح بالتويش عليه بل من الكروه والمعيب مقاطعة المتحدث قبل ان ينتهى من كلامه . ايضاً من مميزات القانون العرفى عند البجا ان النساء لايحضرون مجالس الرجال ولا تحاكم المرأة وفق هذا القانون وان كانت مذنبة . ايضاً من مميزات هذا القانون عدم توريث المرأة للارض وان كان مسموحاً لها وراثة اى شئ من الممتلكات الاخرى. 
   بعد قيام الدولة المركزية الحديثة بالسودان اصبحت هناك قضايا خارج طاق القانون العرفى وهى جرائم الجنايات الكبرى كالقتل ولا تتدخل الادارة الاهلية فى هذا الشان الا بعد صدور حكم المحكمة وذلك لاجراء التسوية ودفع الديات وتشجيع اهل القتيل للعفو. 
   كذلك فى العقود الاخيرة تعرضت الادارة الاهلية لهزات عنيفة منذ صدور قرار حل الادارة الاهلية ايام النميرى ثم اعادتها مرة اخرى ولكن بعد ان لحق بهذه الادارة اذى معنوى كبير افقدها هيبتها وقدسيتها كذلك صدرت مؤخرا قوانين منظمه للاداره الاهليه واعطت لها بعض الصلاحيات وتم تخصيص مرتبات وحوافز ودعومات للعاملين فى مجالها . 
   رغم ذلك فان الادارة الاهلية وبحكم التطورات السياسية والثقافية والحراك الاجتماعى اخذة فى الضعف والاضمحلال ورغم ذلك فهناك دور تلعبه لما لها من اعتبار رمزى ومعنوى عند افراد القبيلة خصوصاً فى الارياف . 
   اهم المشاكل التى تتدخل فيها الادارة الاهلية مشاكل المنازعات حول ملكية الاراضى وكذلك قضايا الدماء مادون القتل ومشاكل التعرض للنساء والسرقة وتخريب المزارع والاساءات خصوصاً من الشعراء . معظم الاحكام فى مثل هذه القضايا تنتهى دائماً بتسويات المالية على حسب سوابق القانون العرفى . من الملاحظ ان القانون العرفى عند البجا يلتقى احياناً مع احكام الشريعة الاسلامية واحيانا يختلف كما ذكرنا بخصوص عدم توريث النساء للاراضى وعدم اقامة الحدود الشرعية فى حالة السرقة والزنا وغيرها وعدم تجريم المراة وان اذنبت . 
   اهم ميزات هذا القانون ظاهرة المجلس : وهى الية ديمغراطية على ارفع مستوى تتيح لافراد المجتمع فرصة المشاركة فى النقاش والمداولات والتمهيد للخروج بافضل تسوية ترضى جميع الاطراف . 
   قديما كان البجا يطلبون من الشخص الذى ينكر الجريمة ان يلحس قضيب من الحديد الساخن بلسانه فان احترق لسانه فهو كاذب ومذنب وان لم يحترق فهو صادق ولكنهم اقلعوا عن هذه العادة ولجأوا لشهادة الشهود والقسم على المصحف الكريم. 
   فى جرائم القتل قديماً يلجأون لقتل القاتل او العفو عنه واخذ الدية بشرط نفى القاتل من المنطقة التى ارتكب فيها جريمته . 
   البجا فى تاريخهم القديم لم يعرفوا السجون ولكن قوانين الادارة الاهلية مؤخراً اعطتهم الحق باصدار احكام بالسجن لفترات قصيرة وفى هذه الحالة يسلم المحكوم عليه لادراة السجون لتمضية فترة حكمه . 
   فى العقود الاخيرة وبعد الهجرات الواسعة للبجا نحو المدن اصبح فى امكان البجاوى ان يلجا لمحاكام الادارة الاهلية ان شاء او يلجا للمحاكم المدنية والشرعية والجنائية الحديثة . 
   البجاوى الريفى فى الغالب يفضل محاكم الادارة الاهلية لانه يعلم ان هذه المحاكم سوف تؤدى به التسوية مرضية وكذلك يلجأ اليها لتفادى البطء فى التقاضى عند المحاكم الحديثة وكذلك لتفادى تكاليف المحامين الباهظة بجانب معاناته من حاجز اللغة الذى يمنعه من الافصاح تماماً بشكواه.

 

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    manufacturing, in flip leading to many negative effects on the body.

    I believe the first six weeks of the food regimen and training are ultimately what
    help decide the result after a typical week food plan. Start
    placing in the work and struggling early on to yield higher outcomes.
    So there you may have it, a perfect formula and
    affordable approach to begin getting shredded and take a glance at trying
    your best. One of the reasons Clenbuterol is not permitted for use in the USA is its potential to
    trigger permanent organ damage. Studies have discovered that a really
    excessive proportion of Clenbuterol customers who experienced severe side effects ended
    up having to be admitted to hospital.
    We have had sufferers who took steroids and didn't practice, and so they constructed muscle and burned fat despite being sedentary.
    However, their results are notably less in comparison with customers who mix
    steroids with weightlifting. Therefore, cautious bodybuilders
    can improve their dose progressively to gauge their response
    to this drug in the early stages of a cycle.
    In our experience, this is presumably one of the deleterious cycles for a bodybuilder,
    considering the professionals and cons. This is as a result of Winstrol won’t make a tremendous distinction when it comes to anabolism, but
    it will exacerbate the unwanted aspect effects of Anadrol.
    Nonetheless, it stays a common cycle amongst bodybuilders who favor orals vs.
    injectables. Our LFTs (liver perform tests) clearly present Winstrol and Anadrol to be hepatotoxic steroids.

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    The various class of medicine to regulate estrogenic unwanted effects – SERMs –
    don't come with the risk of ldl cholesterol issues (they can benefit cholesterol).

    So, if you can successfully control estrogenic unwanted effects with SERMs,
    they are the healthier option; unfortunately,
    many customers will discover that SERM is not effective
    enough, hence the want to use an AI like Arimidex. Most customers will discover that aromatase inhibitors are the most effective possibility when utilizing testosterone as a outcome
    of they directly cease the process of aromatization, resulting in a reducing of circulating
    estrogen ranges. Eight or even 12 weeks doesn’t give Nebido enough time to take full effect.

    Anavar comes with the draw back of being
    liver poisonous, much more so than injectable Testosterone Enanthate.
    On the upside, Anavar is famed for its lack of water retention and is valued for cutting
    cycles.
    If cholestatic hepatitis with jaundice happens, or if liver perform
    take a look at outcomes become abnormal during therapy,
    discontinue oxandrolone and investigate etiology of these
    issues. Drug-induced jaundice normally is reversible after discontinuance of drug.
    Producer states that androgens have not been shown to boost athletic efficiency.
    Adjunct to conventional remedy for management of unexplained
    weight loss.
    This provides the Anavar sufficient time to kick in earlier
    than you begin your heat up and coaching. Anavar,
    also referred to as Oxandrolone, has a half-life of 8-12 hours when taken orally.
    This means that it takes 8-12 hours for half of the
    dosage to be eradicated from the physique. Anavar works by binding to androgen receptors
    within the muscular tissues to activate protein synthesis.
    This results in an increase in muscle cell progress and proliferation, leading to greater and
    stronger muscles. Remember, earlier than beginning any new complement or medicine,
    it’s essential to seek the guidance of with a healthcare professional to make sure it's safe and appropriate on your particular circumstances.
    Sublingual administration of Anavar offers advantages when it
    comes to enhanced bioavailability and extra fast onset of action.
    When it comes to understanding the pharmacokinetics of Anavar,
    one important factor to contemplate is its half-life, because it
    immediately impacts the release time of the drug into
    the physique. The half-life of a drugs refers to the time it
    takes for the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream to lower by
    half. Anavar is a controlled substance, and its use is towards the
    law and not using a prescription. Additionally, the utilization of
    performance-enhancing drugs is considered unethical and
    can outcome in penalties such as suspension or
    disqualification from competitions.
    So if you're genetically predisposed to either of these issues, you will want to carefully monitor the
    situation on oxymetholone. Moreover, have a great anti-acne physique scrub and/or Finasteride (Propecia) readily available in your cycle.
    This implies that a Masteron-only cycle for males is rarely beneficial,
    as severe testosterone suppression is sort of certain to happen.
    Pre-contest and cutting cycles are the place you’ll see one of the best results from Masteron and experience
    what it does greatest. Masteron is on no account a fat burner, and if you have to lose an excellent quantity of body fat,
    you’ll wish to try this with other compounds (and a quality food regimen and training plan) before taking benefit of Masteron.
    And if you’re stacking Tren Hex with another suppressive compound,
    this effect will be amplified. As we can see in the
    above example cycles, Tren Hex stacks very well with a quantity of different steroids and, most of the time, is stacked with a minimum of one other compound.
    The long half-life of Parabolan makes this a more convenient steroid to use compared
    to many others, which can require every day injections.

    This cycle uses Clenbuterol within the 2-week on and 2-week off cycle format.
    If you need to continue using Clen after the 8-week cycle (such as during PCT), it’s possible, because the
    cycle only contains 4 weeks of Clenbuterol.
    In any case, your complete time using Clenbuterol ought to still not exceed
    eight weeks. Do you have to steadily lower your dosage
    for the second half of your cycle? Your dosage comes all the method down to
    your private preference – some Clenbuterol users will stop
    the cycle at the highest dose, but others will prefer to ramp it down over
    the ultimate week or so.
    There are FAR better AAS for bulking, and going into a Tbol cycle
    with the expectation of great positive aspects will at all times lead to some
    disappointment. Whichever goal a sophisticated consumer has, most will really feel assured in starting their dose at 40mg daily.
    So if Turinabol is being used as the first anabolic compound in a cycle,
    features will no less than be dry and clean, and you
    understand any mass you’ve gained is lean tissue quite than fluid.
    Mild to moderate muscle features free of water
    retention are possible, but these shall be at the
    low finish at underneath 10 lbs on a median cycle.

    One of the important thing components that determine the effectiveness
    of Anavar is its half-life. Anavar’s mechanism of motion entails binding to androgen receptors within the
    physique, stimulating protein synthesis and promoting nitrogen retention.
    This leads to increased muscle development, enhanced strength, and improved
    athletic efficiency.
    Anavar would have to be one of many two most well-known oral
    steroids – the opposite being the famous Dianabol.

    When we compare Anavar to different steroids, it’s considered mild, but in reality, it can nonetheless
    have substantial results (both constructive and negative) at higher doses (more on that
    below). Clenbuterol has potent effects on the central
    nervous system, causing the physique to boost adrenaline production.
    This is simply because of the near certainty
    that exceeding the really helpful dose will quickly deliver signs of virilization. You wouldn’t wish to use this AAS for a real bulking cycle because your positive aspects can’t rival the best bulking steroids.
    However Winstrol can promote a shocking amount of
    lean gains, which come with out water weight. Winstrol is the most well-liked and well-known model name for the androgen and anabolic steroid Stanozolol.
    It is a by-product of dihydrotestosterone (DHT),
    which makes Winstrol much like testosterone.

  • تعليق https://akrs.ae السبت, 12 نيسان/أبريل 2025 23:07 مشارك من قبل https://akrs.ae

    Customers typically experience faster restoration times and some preventative benefits
    towards exercise-induced muscle injury as a end result of its anabolic
    properties. When using Anavar with other enhancements, sustaining
    the right cycle duration is just as essential because the dose.
    A typical Anavar stack cycle lasts between 6 to
    8 weeks for maximum effectiveness, permitting for a recovery interval afterward.


    Enrolling in a nationwide sports group, or perhaps your university's staff,
    will commonly supply performance enhancement options, together with Anavar,
    even with out your solicitation. If you've got searched "the means to purchase Anavar on-line," chances are, you are already acquainted with this famend product in the bodybuilding subject and
    are excited about trying it out. When used correctly, you'll have the ability to count on to
    see most of those positive results. But when abused, corticosteroids may
    cause a number of harmful health effects, corresponding to high blood
    pressure, irregular heartbeat, osteoporosis and cataracts.

    Prioritize legal and secure acquisition, keep devoted
    to your health goals, and remain constant in your efforts.
    By doing so, you set the muse for a balanced and accountable strategy to incorporating Anavar
    into your health routine. All possible measures have been taken to make sure accuracy, reliability, timeliness and authenticity of the knowledge; nevertheless Onlymyhealth.com does not take any liability
    for the same. Utilizing any info supplied by the website is solely at the viewers’ discretion. Anavar enhances glycogen storage in muscle tissue, providing a readily available
    power supply throughout intense coaching. This help accelerates
    recovery by reducing muscle soreness and making ready the muscle tissue for the
    subsequent workout. Quicker restoration times permit for more frequent and productive coaching sessions,
    optimizing long-term progress.
    Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals Anavar is a high-quality choice for those trying to purchase Anavar, recognized for its purity and effectiveness
    in muscle progress, fat loss, and recovery. Medical critiques from US-based hepatologists reveal Anavar’s
    impact on liver enzymes is dose-dependent. While considered one
    of the milder oral steroids, high doses or extended cycles can strain the liver.
    US health specialists recommend supplementing with milk
    thistle or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to assist liver detoxing.
    Additionally, customers are advised to undergo liver operate tests before, throughout, and after their cycle to observe enzyme ranges.
    Understanding how Anavar operates can present insight into its effectiveness for reaching health objectives.

    These long-term unwanted side effects are much more likely to
    come about from some other extra highly effective steroids
    you could be stacking Anavar with quite than from Anavar itself.
    Anavar, in distinction to the other oral steroids, actually locations greater stress on the kidneys than on the liver.
    Whereas you can count on a rise in liver enzymes whereas using Anavar, for
    most people, this shall be fairly gentle and may go back to regular
    once you stop using the steroid.
    However, it’s necessary to note that the laws surrounding the sale of anabolic steroids can range between international locations.
    In sure regions, a prescription could additionally
    be required to buy Anavar from a pharmacy. Consulting with a healthcare skilled
    or pharmacist can present insights into the supply and
    legal necessities in your particular location. Anavar is often stacked with
    different compounds to maximise outcomes and reduce side
    effects. Common stacks embrace testosterone for men or
    low doses of other anabolic steroids for ladies.

    Monitoring and Regular Check-upsRegular monitoring of liver health through blood checks is crucial throughout an Anavar regimen. This helps to detect any signs of liver pressure or
    abnormalities early on. Moreover, individuals should take notice of any uncommon changes in their general well being and well-being and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.

    Discover the really helpful dosage guidelines and cycle length for Oxandrolone in this informative
    desk.
    To mitigate this, we advise our valued clients to delve into the product descriptions where
    the particular options, elements, and utilization instructions of every product
    are meticulously outlined. This approach helps bridge the hole between expectation and actuality, guaranteeing you are
    totally knowledgeable about your purchase. Absolutely, the manufacturer Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals recommends users take Anavar
    for wherever between 4-7 weeks with an 8 week off cycle break between cycles.

    Hi-Tech additionally recommends taking a PCT or Submit Cycle Help upon finishing a cycle of Anavar.
    Anavar in capsule type is broadly chosen for its ease of use and precise dosage, making it a handy
    option for customers of assorted expertise ranges.

    When shopping for Anavar, it’s important to choose suppliers recognized for
    reliability and the standard of their products. Evaluating
    a supplier’s trustworthiness could be done by looking into evaluations
    and feedback from their previous customers.
    The basic rule when planning a cycle is that the upper the Anavar dose is, the shorter
    the cycle you should be doing. Some prefer
    to reside on the edge, while there are those of us who need to balance the benefits and
    dangers. I wouldn’t want to go beyond six weeks if
    any greater than 50mg is being taken (rarely).
    50mg day by day is the most effective standard dose to steadiness desirable
    advantages and unwanted facet effects. Few Anavar customers will find a must take the dosage beyond 50mg,
    and most males admit that they don’t see the benefits they anticipated under 50mg.

    One of the much less spoken-about advantages of Anavar is
    a attainable enhance to your general temper.
    All of these stacks would require a post-cycle therapy protocol afterward.

    A commonplace PCT is Clomid at 100mg day by day, starting two weeks after your final dose.

    An important factor to consider when planning your Anavar stack
    is the significant advantage of its lack of water retention as a
    end result of it doesn’t convert to estrogen. You can use this
    by stacking it with different compounds that don’t aromatize,
    like Trenbolone and Masteron. Such a stack can successfully have you not having to consider
    fluid retention in any respect except you decide
    to take a better dose of testosterone in the stack.

  • تعليق pros and cons of anabolic steroids الجمعة, 11 نيسان/أبريل 2025 15:43 مشارك من قبل pros and cons of anabolic steroids

    For example, if a newbie makes use of low doses of trenbolone, their outcomes by way
    of muscle hypertrophy will be remarkable (gaining roughly 30 pounds of lean muscle).
    One man can turn out to be hypertensive under our care after a
    few cycles, whereas one other man’s blood pressure can stay in the regular vary.
    This trio of medicines has confirmed to be an excellent success at our clinic and in medical trials for restoring the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) from anabolic steroids.
    Seemingly, it's increasingly tough to stay calm with an elevated heart fee and high levels of adrenaline.

    Nevertheless, the unfavorable effect of high adrenaline ranges is increased sweating in and out of
    the fitness center. However, those that purpose to maintain up their hairline
    through regular tren cycles will encounter vital challenges.
    We have found that respiratory misery also can occur when injecting different steroids, similar to testosterone cypionate.

    One good thing about that is that the metabolism will increase,
    helping users burn more calories naturally throughout
    the day. Generally, we now have discovered trenbolone’s fat-burning results to be overpowered by its capability to pack
    on muscle; thus, most will make the most of trenbolone when making an attempt to gain lean mass.
    If an individual is susceptible to acne vulgaris, trenbolone is
    likely to trigger additional breakouts due to its
    androgenic nature.
    Nevertheless, when there is an excess of this viscous fluid,
    it can block the pores, leading to cystic pimples
    in very sensitive customers. In this instance,
    we now have discovered that cabergoline, a dopaminergic that's medically used to treat hyperprolactinemia (high levels of
    prolactin), helps to revive optimal sexual perform.
    This powerful aura will be noticed by everyone round
    them, and never only will confidence improve on a social
    level but additionally on a primal degree. We have come
    to understand that each aggressive powerlifter might be operating trenbolone in their stack before a meet.

    Tren cough can be described as a dry cough that happens when injecting trenbolone, lasting
    for several seconds. Trenbolone is a potent fats burner because of it being extremely androgenic, with the AR (androgen receptor) stimulating lipolysis in adipose tissue.

    Nevertheless, beneath are 17 effects that we have discovered consistent in trenbolone customers at our
    clinic. Firstly, it could be very important understand that each particular
    person will respond differently to trenbolone based mostly on their genetic
    code, making them roughly susceptible to certain side effects.
    Dr. O’Connor has over 20 years of experience treating men and women with a historical past of anabolic steroid,
    SARM, and PED use.
    Due to elevated DHT ranges, we see tren customers sometimes expertise androgenetic alopecia, that
    means a loss of hair on the scalp (2). If you battle to go to sleep at evening, trenbolone is probably not a suitable steroid because of its stimulative results on the
    CNS (central nervous system), inflicting insomnia. Trenbolone stimulates the central
    nervous system, increasing the manufacturing of adrenaline and due to this fact
    inducing thermogenesis.
    This happens as a result of an increase in blood stress, indicating decreased blood move to the heart; thus, deeper breaths are wanted to
    extend oxygen provide. It isn't uncommon for users to expertise shortness of breath when strolling
    up the steps or doing gentle train on tren. Trenbolone’s results
    on energy are actually distinctive, particularly
    as it does not aromatize and trigger water retention. However, others argue
    that tren’s antagonistic results are exaggerated and never notably worse than those of different anabolics.
    Moreover, almost each trenbolone product is totally different based on the UGL (underground lab) producer and their ability at formulating a pure product.
    You cannot definitively know what to expect from tren till you inject it, as individuals
    have different experiences based on their genetics.
    In this case, one other steroid may be simpler than trenbolone, not
    in terms of efficiency but as a end result of sleep is important for optimum
    body composition. Nevertheless, we've had some sufferers report approximately 80% of their hair loss reversing again post-cycle, after dihydrotestosterone ranges regulate again to normal.
    After a tren cycle, we typically see low testosterone levels inflicting
    lethargy and diminished sexual operate, in addition to melancholy.

    Thus, for those wanting to keep their hair as thick and full
    as attainable, it might be clever to avoid trenbolone,
    as a substitute opting for much less androgenic steroids corresponding to Dianabol or Deca Durabolin. In our experience, these two anabolic
    steroids don't trigger dihydrotestosterone ranges to
    rise to excessively excessive levels. We have found that isotretinoin, higher known as
    Accutane, might help bodybuilders who suffer from zits but
    wish to expertise the advantages of trenbolone (or other androgenic steroids).
    We have discovered that when an individual cannot
    sleep regardless of altering their food plan, taking supplements, and varied different means
    to settle down, their physique can turn into
    extra catabolic because of a rise in cortisol. This
    can exacerbate tren’s unwanted effects, further
    increasing blood strain and somewhat inhibiting fat loss and muscle progress.

    Some of our sufferers come to the conclusion that
    trenbolone just isn't price it due to its harsh unwanted effects, being one
    of the poisonous steroids an individual can take (physiologically and psychologically).

    Tren causes pimples because of androgens stimulating the sebaceous glands, causing increased sebum
    production, which is a waxy substance used to moisturize the
    pores and skin. With testosterone, androgen, and nitric oxide levels surging, blood move will enhance to the
    penis, positively affecting dimension and erection quality.
    We have discovered that one way to overcome insomnia is to
    eat ample amounts of steak, rooster, or turkey before bedtime, combined with
    giant quantities of carbohydrates. These 3 kinds
    of meat are wealthy in l-tryptophan, an amino acid that has sedative qualities, serving to to soothe users’ central nervous systems.

  • تعليق buying Steroids from mexico الجمعة, 11 نيسان/أبريل 2025 11:56 مشارك من قبل buying Steroids from mexico

    When used for muscle losing circumstances, Anadrol is often prescribed at
    simply 2.5mg per day. Issues like water retention ought
    to be almost non-existent, and stress on the liver and cardiovascular system ought
    to be considerably reduced. Anadrol is one of few anabolic
    steroids where many medical research exist to information us
    in dosage ranges15. Regardless, I at all times suggest starting at a decrease dose when utilizing a powerful oral like Anadrol and working your method
    up when you can deal with the side effects.
    Anavar will offset any water retention brought on by
    testosterone and can dry and harden your physique. Some lean positive aspects are attainable here, however it is decided by how onerous you food plan. They are more
    likely to use Testosterone Propionate as a hormone-support compound to switch the suppression of pure testosterone whereas using more potent
    steroids.
    EQ is a modified form of testosterone, like Deca Durabolin, with a
    double bond being introduced between carbons 1 and 2.
    Testosterone and Deca Durabolin is among the least toxic stacks a bodybuilder can make the most of in regard
    to unwanted effects. Testosterone suppression is likely
    to be extreme post-cycle with this stack, requiring an aggressive PCT.
    An AI (aromatase inhibitor) might be ineffective
    for treating Anadrol’s estrogenic effects, as Anadrol does not aromatize however instead instantly stimulates the estrogen receptors.
    Interestingly, we have discovered anti-estrogens (such as anastrozole) to be effective inhibitors of progesterone receptor expression and thus
    scale back the chance of gynecomastia in our sufferers (4).
    Nonetheless, Deca Durabolin is an injectable steroid that bypasses the liver, inflicting
    little hepatic pressure based mostly on our LFTs (liver function tests).
    One of the Trenbolone unwanted side effects is low libido, sex drive,
    and performance.
    A Testosterone and Trenbolone cycle works extremely well
    for individuals who don’t need to retain any water whatsoever;
    otherwise often identified as a ‘dry cycle’ or ‘dry
    gains’. After you end such a cycle, your weight will
    pretty much stay the identical as a result of your positive aspects
    will be pure muscle, somewhat than water weight. As A Substitute, if a consumer
    is troubled by hair loss, we encourage them to avoid androgenic steroids.
    In this case, Dianabol and Deca Durabolin are more appropriate options.
    Equally, we now have seen users add one other 20 pounds to
    their lifts when introducing tren, even after conducting
    several other steroid cycles. Tren will also construct muscle
    quicker than the most typical test esters, such as cypionate and enanthate, as they're longer esters and thus require more time to kick
    in. Testosterone, however, will trigger more general weight achieve than trenbolone because of it inflicting fluid retention, with tren as an alternative flushing out water.

    It has been used for decades, with its effects totally understood and
    well-established dosages. Nandrolone and Testosterone are the two classic steroids that go back
    a long time. You can’t go incorrect with this stack, but you’ll
    wish to be careful for NPP’s adverse psychological unwanted
    effects, which influence everybody in one other way.
    A proper restoration plan ensures hormonal steadiness and promotes general
    health. Using testosterone and trenbolone collectively is a robust plan for rising muscles.
    There are two forms of Tren supplements, together with capsule and powder types.
    These supplements aid in muscle tissue development and help regulate metabolism.

    I recommend doing simply that to determine which one you get pleasure from utilizing more.

    For severe slicing or contest prep cycles, even a slight reduction in water retention will be strongly
    welcomed. If you don’t wish to inject every single day (or at least every other
    day), Testosterone Cypionate will be your go-to ester between these two options.

    Testosterone Prop is thought to trigger less water retention than different esters,
    and when you’re cutting, even a small discount
    in fluid retention might be desirable. When I say it’s "known" to cause less bloat or
    water retention, you WILL discover people who deny or doubt this.
    But in my experience and that of many different bodybuilders, it DOES make a difference to a cutting cycle,
    a minimal of which testosterone ester you use.


    Testosterone Propionate may cause negative adjustments
    to your cholesterol levels. All anabolic steroids have the potential to alter your ldl cholesterol,
    in impact inflicting excessive ldl cholesterol due to a rising
    of LDL levels and a simultaneous lower in HDL ranges.
    On the size of severity of cardiovascular side effects,
    Testosterone Propionate is among the extra average. Results from a
    Check Prop cycle will be formed by what you’re aiming for – this steroid will
    assist you to retain muscle if you’re dieting
    for contest prep or other chopping targets. When used for
    slicing, trenbolone helps to preserve lean muscle mass while also promoting fat loss.
    It is a very potent anabolic steroid that may assist you to
    to shed pounds and build muscle on the identical time.
    Trenbolone can be identified for its ability to enhance muscle definition and hardness.

    Men can anticipate some unimaginable lean mass features, especially if you’re a newbie and this is your first or second cycle – you’ll be
    very responsive to the powerful anabolic results of upper testosterone doses.

    This means consuming a calorie-deficient diet to lose fats and
    cut back general physique fats share to a low level. The danger of
    this is the loss of muscle along with fats within the
    case of catabolic exercise. It is crucial to have a powerful
    anabolic that acts as an anti-catabolic agent whereas slicing.

    One means Testosterone Enanthate does this is to reduce
    and even block the stress hormone cortisol,
    a catabolic hormone.
    Trenorol is a extremely sought-after supplement among beginner bodybuilders and seasoned athletes.
    It has gained immense popularity due to its capability to boost
    testosterone levels quite than suppressing them. Trenbolone can elevate
    blood stress, so monitoring it regularly
    in the course of the cycle is crucial. Consider lifestyle modifications like monitoring proper
    calorie intake and common train. These unwanted side effects
    are not exclusive to trenbolone and may occur with any steroid.

    It is mostly really helpful to extend the dosage steadily over time quite than making drastic jumps.
    Progressive adjustments within the range of mg each few
    weeks can permit the body to adapt and decrease
    the danger of sudden opposed reactions. Careful
    monitoring of particular person responses and feedback from the physique is essential
    when making dosage changes, making certain that the desired effects are achieved while keeping unwanted
    effects in check. Overall, Trenbolone cycles could be efficient
    for attaining particular objectives similar to bulking or
    chopping.
    And last but not least, the fact it could simply disrupt your pure hormone levels.
    We suggest avoiding Trenbolone, especially should you're new to steroids and don't know the way your body
    will react to this highly effective substance. It Is additionally necessary to remember this substance has an anti-aromatase impact
    which implies its major objective would doubtless stay sole of enhancing muscle acquire at any value – together
    with dangerous unwanted aspect effects. Trenbolone is a very highly effective steroid, and as such, it can cause some
    pretty extreme unwanted facet effects. Be certain to observe the recommended dosage and use cycle when taking this product.
    Additionally, you must always take observe of your body and cease using if any strange signs arise.

  • تعليق Diane الإثنين, 07 نيسان/أبريل 2025 21:33 مشارك من قبل Diane

    In the top, these 50mg tablets supply more than solid help for our
    physical transformation aims. Moreover, they represent a dedication to the fitness way of life,
    bringing greater intensity to one’s endeavors on the gym and shaping life past it.
    Nevertheless, like with any potent health tool, it’s important to leverage their energy with
    care, considering all health considerations in concert
    with one’s total fitness technique.
    The only potential advantage of decreasing the dose would be to keep away from a crash in vitality; nevertheless, this isn’t generally
    reported amongst Clen customers. Something over 10 mg per day causes problems for our feminine sufferers, as it exceeds the really helpful limits.
    Winstrol is a strong steroid for building muscle in women,
    so small doses are nonetheless effective. One concept of why Anadrol is so well-tolerated
    by women is that though it produces massive will increase in testosterone,
    it also raises estrogen ranges considerably. This testosterone-to-estrogen stability
    appears essential for avoiding a masculine appearance.


    If you feel like you should enhance the effectiveness of Anavar, there are
    a quantity of things that you can do. If you are on the lookout for an edge in your workouts,
    Anavar is definitely worth contemplating. Simply make positive
    to do your research and speak to a physician before beginning any
    new supplement. This is why you will want to take the drug
    no much less than six hours earlier than you propose on understanding or engaging in any physical exercise.
    When it comes to Anavar, there is no real consensus on how long it takes for the drug to
    start working.
    Diuretics are another option, however they aren't
    beneficial for bodybuilders since they may place further strain on their kidneys and
    raise their risk of developing renal illnesses. In most circumstances, the
    degree of liver stress generated by Anavar is insufficient to warrant fear.
    This is due to the truth that the liver is a remarkably
    resilient organ, even when abused.
    Whereas men additionally use Anavar, their doses
    are typically a lot higher, starting from 20 to a hundred mg per day.
    This highlights that ladies are extra aware of male hormones, permitting them
    to achieve important outcomes with lower doses.

    Anavar is usually viewed as a slicing steroid because of its powerful fat-burning effects.

    This is as a outcome of of Anavar’s capacity to extend the ratio of T3 to T4 within the body (5),
    stimulating metabolism and fat loss. In our expertise, testosterone’s risk-to-reward ratio is probably the most optimum out of all anabolic
    steroids. This is among the reasons why doctors problem
    TRT prescriptions to tons of of 1000's of males worldwide.

    Consequently, the particular person might not be capable of end their
    workout because of extreme discomfort. This is as a end result of of water filling contained in the muscle cell and fluid being expelled outside the muscle cell.
    Consequently, as extracellular water is not
    obscuring superficial veins, they become more seen.
    Liver injury should not be discounted as a possible side impact of Anavar, particularly if
    excessive doses are administered for prolonged durations.

    Crazy Bulk's formulas are supported by medical research and are secure for women and
    men to make use of. Alternatively, they could determine
    to stack the above steroids at the side of Anavar.
    It is important to observe proper dosing and utilization guidelines to attenuate the risk of side effects.
    Anavar is a popular steroid utilized by bodybuilders to
    reinforce their performance and obtain their fitness targets.
    However, the value of a 4-week Anavar cycle can vary depending on a quantity of components.

    This means that you run the chance of doubtless shedding
    your natural testosterone production which might leave men feeling weak, tired,
    listless and even depressed.
    Male and feminine athletes widely and really efficiently use it in their
    lifestyles. All The Time start with the decrease end of the
    dosage spectrum, particularly if you’re a first-time user.
    Beginning with a lower dosage offers your body
    with the chance to regulate to the compound.
    You can gradually increase the dosage, at all times within the recommended range, after assessing
    how your body reacts to the preliminary dosage. For males,
    the typical dosage of Anavar lies between 40-60mg per
    day, whereas women usually take between 10-20mg per day.

    Cardiovascular train, or HIIT (high-intensity interval training), may also be utilized to accelerate a user’s metabolism whereas offering cardiac benefits.
    Alcohol has a adverse impact on cortisol levels
    (35); thus, fat-burning might become inhibited. Moreover, cortisol is a catabolic hormone, which means heavy alcohol
    consumption may reduce muscle mass. For most results, customers should minimize alcohol consumption throughout a cycle.
    Nonetheless, low quantities of alcohol are unlikely to affect a user’s results significantly.


    Lastly, bear in mind the importance of sticking with the recommended dosage and cycle period.
    Whereas it might be tempting to up the dose or lengthen the cycle, recklessness can be counterproductive—and possibly, dangerous.
    Especially as girls, the chance of virilization symptoms or imbalanced hormones can only be decreased by disciplined and careful administration. Don’t rush the progress;
    good results often come with endurance and consistency.
    Understanding the potential side effects of any anabolic steroid is a necessity for anybody contemplating their use.

    Anavar, whereas recognized for its comparatively mild
    nature, still carries potential unwanted aspect effects that deserve ample
    attention.

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